Skylands

  • Also Known As: New Jersey State Botanical Garden
  • Also Known As: Skylands Botanical Garden

  • Address: Ringwood State Park
  • Travel Genus: Sight
  • Sight Category: Building
  • Activity Category: Tour

Skylands is a perfect marriage of good design and plant collection. It represents a century of the best in American architecture, landscape architecture and horticulture, the love and devotion of its creators Francis Lynde Stetson and Clarence McKenzie Lewis, and the care and dedication of its public trustees. Here is the work of John Russell Pope, Samuel Yellin, Elliott C Brown, Heinegke & Smith and unsung American wood and stone carvers embodied in the Tudor Manor House, which holds historic European treasures as well. In the gardens and grounds we have the handiwork of Samuel Parsons Jr, Ferruccio Vitale, Alfred Geiffert Jr and Clarence Lewis. In the outbuildings from the Stetson era we have the work of Boston architect Alfred Hopkins and unknown immigrant artisans. Skylands represents a bygone era when the wealthy would hire America's greatest artists and professional craftsmen to develop and maintain grand private mansions surrounded by magnificent private gardens. As such it is a part of our heritage worthy of preservation. From the Manor House one may gaze over the fields and forests to the mountains in the hazy distance. - NRHP, 28 February 1990


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Timeline

Y/M/D Person Association Description Composition Food Event
Y/M/D Person Association Description Composition Food Event
1891/00/00 Francis Lynde Stetson Owner Skylands Farms is estate established by Francis L Stetson assembled from pioneer farmsteads on the western edge of the Ramapo Mountains in the borough of Ringwood.
1897/00/00 Algernon E Bell Architect Designed by Algernon E Bell, a 34 room manor house is built of native fieldstone in the English Victorian style, with five chimneys, turret, wide eaves overhanging gables and dormers for Francis Stetson, it will be demolished by Lewis.
1900/00/00 Moravian Pottery and Tile Works Architect Carriage House features a wall finish with tiles from the Moravian Pottery and Tile Works of Henry Mercer in Doylestown, Pa. The Pump House with its round arched doorway and windows matches the Carriage House in this respect.
1900/00/00 Alfred Hopkins Architect Five service buildings are built for Stetson. The Carriage House fits 11 horses, 4 automobiles and 11 men. Hopkins personally selected the stone, which comes from glacial boulders on the estate for the Pump House, Carriage House and East Cottage.
1900/00/00 The Japanese umbrella pine (Sciadopitys verticillata) is planted for Francis Stetson sometime between 1891 and 1920.
1910/00/00 Francis Lynde Stetson Home Between 1909 and 1916 more than 20,000 trees are planted at Skylands, including 10,000 Norway Spruce and 10,000 Dwarf Pine and Hemlock.
1922/00/00 Clarence McKenzie Lewis Owner Clarence M Lewis, a banker who lives in New York but maintains a country house in Mahwah, buys Skylands Farms and hires John Pope. Lewis will live at East Cottage during construction of his residence and design the sundial on the East Cottage chimney.
1923/00/00 John Russell Pope Architect John R Pope designs a stone and half-timbered Tudor manor house with 44 rooms on three floors and a full basement on the same site and orientation as the original Victorian manor house.
1923/00/00 Samuel Parsons Landscape Architect Samuel Parsons lays out the major contours of the original property for Stetson. Prominent features by Parsons are the Swan Pond and the rectangle of the Annual Garden.
1924/00/00 Master bedroom has pine paneling from c 1680 houses razed in Bishops Gate, London, a decorated green marble fireplace and a 1747 iron fireback. Several other 2nd floor bedrooms are paneled with similar imported pine from Bexley Manor, Bexleyheath, London.
1924/00/00 Robersons, Knightsbridge Halls Decorator The oak dining room is from The Tudor House at Lyme Regis, Dorset, bought by Mrs Salomon from Robersons, Knightsbridge Halls, London. The square panels on either side of the overmantel are finely inlaid with marquetry in the Elizabethan manner.
1924/00/00 Clarence McKenzie Lewis Plantsman Clarence Lewis plants malus atrosanguinea, Crab apples trees, 1923-1924. They will be replaced with the same variety in 60 years. Crabapple
1924/00/00 Samuel Yellin Artisan All the exterior lanterns (10) and electrical fixtures are designed by Samuel Yellin, whose style of work tends back toward the Gothic. He also made the iron handrail for the spiral staircase in the tower and the sconces set in the winding stone wall.
1924/00/00 Helen Lewis Salomon Buyer The oak dining room is from The Tudor House at Lyme Regis, Dorset, bought by Mrs Salomon from Robersons, Knightsbridge Halls, London. The square panels on either side of the overmantel are finely inlaid with marquetry in the Elizabethan manner.
1924/00/00 James McLaren and Sons Builder All stones must be accurately cut, marked section and course No showing the exact place where each belongs. The Stone Setter will be held responsible if stones are taken from where they belong. - Pope to James McLaren and Sons, Cut Stone Co, Brooklyn
1924/00/00 The premier guest bedroom is a carved paneled French oak suite from the chateau of the Compte d'Autun, Burgundy, salvaged from the Salomon mansion on 5th Ave (lost). Panels from the same boiserie are owned by the Boston Museum of Fine Arts and NYC's Met.
1924/06/00 Originally from a German Renaissance wardrobe, the ceiling salvage from Lewis' stepfather's study at 1020 5th Ave (lost) is installed in the study. The most elaborately carved room in the house, it depicts putti, masks, birds and horned dragon heads.
1925/00/00 White Allom and Co Decorator The large living room is finished in pine-paneled of Scandinavian fir bought through White Allom and Co from Oulton Hall, Derbyshire.
1925/00/00 Helen Lewis Salomon Buyer Mrs Salomon buys a stone mantelpiece with the royal coat of arms dated 1619 from Over Manor in Gloucestershire is duplicated by White Allom and Co, London. The original went to St Simeon, California.
1925/00/00 Elliot C Brown Co, New York City Contractor The English Tudor Manor House is built by Elliot C Brown Co of New York City with a modern core of steel and concrete and the best heating, plumbing and engineering that money can buy.
1925/00/00 Vitale and Geiffet Landscape Architect Ferruccio Vitale and Alfred Geiffert Jr, as well as Lewis, design and plant the gardens in the 1920's, and Lewis will continue planting until 1953.
1925/00/00 Heinegke and Smith, New York City Decorator The 40 antique stained glass medallions from C16 German, Bavarian and Swiss sites came from an English collection and are set in the leaded windows by Mr Heinegke. He also created the 13 stained glass pictures of Lewis, his children and farm workers.
1928/04/00 Clarence McKenzie Lewis Plantsman Mr Lewis buys the Atlas cedar now in the Winter Garden. Lewis planted much of this garden in 1927-1928, but the red oak in front of the manor house library window dates back to the 1890's when it was surrounded by Stetson's nine-hole golf course.
1953/00/00 Clarence McKenzie Lewis Seller Lewis continues planting at Skylands until 1953, when he sells the estate to Shelton College, which in turn will sell it to the State of New Jersey in 1966.
1966/07/00 Adolph A Weinman Sculptor The stone eagles at the main entrance, E Cottage Rd at Honeysuckle Ln, are acquired by the state from Pennsylvania Station in New York City during demolition. Birth of American Historic Preservation

Data »

Particulars for Skylands:
Area of Significance Architecture
Criteria Architecture-Engineering
Flower Azalea
Sight Category Building
Plants Flowers
Landscape Architecture Formal Gardens
Landscape Architecture Garden
Landscape Architecture Historic garden restoration
Museum Type Historical Museum
Area of Significance Landscape Architecture
Flower Lilac
Tree Magnolia Tree
Building Type Mansion
Museum Type Museum
Flower Peony
Genus Rhododendron
Historic Use Single dwelling
Owner State
Geology Terminal Moraine
Architectural Style Tudor Revival



US National Registry of Historic Places Data »

Accurate at time of registration: 28th September 1990

PLACE DETAILS
Registry Name: Skylands
Registry Address: Ringwood State Park
Registry Number: 90001438
Resource Type: Building
Owner: State
Architect: Pope,John Russell; et al.
Architectural Style: Tudor revival
Area in Acres: 96
Contributing Buildings: 13
Contributing Sites: 1
Contributing Structures: 1
Other Certification: Date received-pending nomination
Certification: Listed in the National Register
CULTURAL DETAILS
Level of Significance: State
Area of Significance: Landscape architecture, Architecture
Applicable Criteria: Architecture-Engineering
Period of Significance: 1900-1924, 1925-1949
Significant Year: 1922
Historic Function: Domestic
Historic Sub-Function: Single dwelling
Current Function: Recreation and Culture, Landscape
Current Sub-Function: Park

Activities »

Activity
Activity Category Tour

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