The Cooper Bison Kill Site is an archaeological excavation at a Paleoindian hunter kill site at the Hal and Fern Cooper Wildlife Management Area in northwestern Oklahoma. The dig will reveal three filled-in gullies where ancient Folsom hunters trapped and killed groups of bison. Archaeologist have found sharp flake knives and spear points, some embedded in the bison's vertebrae and ribs, from three distinct seasonal hunts. Folsom hunters butchered the animals, removing about 50 percent of the meat, with sharp flake knives. The excavation revealed the remains of 78 animals killed over three distinct events, 33 Folsom projectile points, 6 flake knives and over 100 resharpening flakes.

One particularly important find was a partially crushed Bison Skull with a painted red zigzag line. Now believed to be the oldest painted object in North America, the skull indicates that the Folsom culture practiced hunting rituals and ceremonies. - AsNotedIn

Based on the age and positioning of the bones, and an examination of the tooth enamel, a model of the Folsom hunting strategy has formed. It is believed the bison killed at the three excavation sites were migrating from New Mexico calving grounds to eastern Oklahoma wintering grounds. Groups of 30 to 60 bison cows, calves, and young bulls foraging in the fall along the Beaver River were selected by the Folsom hunters and driven into a dead end gully. When the lead animal reached the end of the gully and attempted to turn around, it and the rest of the herd became trapped. Hunters positioned at a safe vantage point along the upper rim of the gulley then threw spears, killing the animals. The bison were butchered within the arroyo, and cut marks on the bones indicate a gourmet butchering of the hump, ribs and tenderloins.